Barrett’s esophagus is premalignant condition in which the stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by metaplastic intestinal epithelium. The cause is usually long-standing gastro-esophageal reflux. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is also believed to play a role in this. The most significant complication is development of dysplasia with an increase in relative risk for development of adenocarcinoma 40–120 times.

Coronary artery disease is amongst the commonest diseases seen in India. Increasingly it has been realized that Indians are very prone to get this disease. The genetic basis of this predisposition and its relation to dyslipidemia is discussed in detail.

Aims and Objectives: The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) was proposed to standardize the reporting of thyroid cytopathology for more effective clinical communication and patient management. This study was undertaken to see the challenges, if any, faced in our center post the implementation of the new system. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 250 thyroid aspirates was done wherein all slides were reviewed and reclassified as per TBSRTC. Results: The mean age of patients was 40.2 years and females comprised 86.4% of the study group. Histological follow-up was available in 19.6% of cases. On reclassification, 6% of cases were put in the category of atypia of unknown significance/follicular lesion of unknown significance (AUS/FLUS). The benign category comprised 80.6% down from 87.6% reported earlier. The non-diagnostic group also increased marginally from 8% to 8.8%. No changes were observed in the following categories: Follicular/Hurthle cell neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy and malignant. Conclusion: TBSRTC was useful in achieving the goal of improving thyroid cytopathology reporting by adopting a standardized format. However, due to the heterogeneity of the AUS/FLUS category, more cases than warranted were put in this category, which did not correlate with a higher risk of malignancy. More stringent criteria for inclusion of patients in the AUS/FLUS group and further stratification of these patients into high-risk and low-risk categories are suggested.

Gouty tophi are nodular masses of monosodium urate crystals deposited in soft tissues, common sites being fingers, toes, bursae of elbows and helix of ears. Rarely tophi can develop without acute gouty arthritis. Here we report such a clinically unsuspected case of gouty tophi, which presented with a soft tissue swelling on elbow, but was diagnosed as gouty tophi on FNAC.

The role of Pathologist is vital for diagnosis, treatment and prognosisof the disease. Today thisrole has assumed enormous proportions because the patient’s diagnosisisbased onmolecularpathology tests and treatment on personalized medicine. It is the need of the hour that the pathologist embracesthe new era of genomic medicine and institutes of pathology be adequately equipped to handle the challenges ofmolecular diagnosis.New curriculumin the post-graduate teaching should be introduced and training programs conducted for the pathologists to meet the requirements of personalized medicine. This article provides an insight to opportunities and challenges for pathologist of today, that call for urgent action.

Breast carcinoma is the most common tumor in women and it has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) by HLA class I-restricted CD8+ T cells is fundamental for the detection and destruction of malignant cells. HLA A24 has been shown to be associated with presenting peptides in breast carcinoma, which can be targeted for cancer immunotherapy. Overexpression of the HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with more advanced-stage disease at presentation and a rapidly progressive clinical course. Here we present a case of a 57-year-old female, who presented with a left breast lump. On histopathological examination, diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma was made . The patient had ER, PR negative and HER/neu positive cancer with nodal metastasis to supraclavicular lymph nodes. Course of Antracycline-based chemotherapy was started. Patient showed no signs of recurrence till the time of writing the article.